{"id":1833,"date":"2019-02-11T15:12:22","date_gmt":"2019-02-11T14:12:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/?p=1833"},"modified":"2024-06-01T15:11:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T13:11:44","slug":"les-salles-daudition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/les-salles-daudition\/","title":{"rendered":"Les salles d’audition"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et au d\u00e9but du XXe lors de l’apparition des machines parlantes, la question (s\u00e9rieuse)<\/em> qui s’est pos\u00e9e\u00a0 \u00e9tait de savoir comment faire conna\u00eetre cette magnifique invention qu’\u00e9tait le son enregistr\u00e9. La photographie a profit\u00e9 de la peinture pour les images, mais le son ? Rien d’\u00e9quivalent.<\/p>\n

Les premi\u00e8res auditions publiques du son son enregistr\u00e9 sont dues aux forains qui \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle allaient de foires en foires pr\u00e9senter leurs dr\u00f4les de machines et faire \u00e9couter de la musique aux gens. En t\u00e9moigne le superbe class M Edison de 1894 expos\u00e9 au mus\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Le principe est tr\u00e8s simple : on se regroupe (jusqu’\u00e0 18 personnes)<\/em> autour de l’appareil, on met les \u00e9couteurs dans ses oreilles et on lance le cylindre. Apr\u00e8s avoir pay\u00e9 le forain bien s\u00fbr ! Pas s\u00fbr que les conditions de propret\u00e9 soient respect\u00e9es. \u00c0 noter qu’au tout d\u00e9but, ces auditions n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9es par les constructeurs de machines parlantes.<\/p>\n

Devant le succ\u00e8s, les forains n’ont pas perdu de temps et se sont mis \u00e0 louer des locaux proches des lieux qui regroupaient beaucoup de gens comme les expositions par exemple, toujours sans lien avec les fabricants. Les forains achetaient les machines.<\/p>\n

Mais, dans les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es du XXe si\u00e8cle, l’industrie, devant le succ\u00e8s de ce commerce, se r\u00e9veille. Un certain nombre de marchands de phonos et de cylindres\/disques se sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s de dispositifs d’audition pour leurs clients, parfois dans des lieux d\u00e9di\u00e9s. Le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre est probablement la salle d’\u00e9coute du Salon du Phonographe de Path\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0 boulevard des Italiens \u00e0 Paris, ouverte en 1898, comme nous le montre le tr\u00e8s interessant site Disquaires de Paris<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mais il y en avait bien d’autres. La fameuse affiche Gramophone avec les perroquets qui est au mus\u00e9e fait la pub de la \u00ab\u00a0Maison du Gramophone\u00a0\u00bb, ouverte en 1901, voisine du Salon du Phonographe sur le m\u00eame boulevard des Italiens, en voisin au num\u00e9ro 28.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Des commer\u00e7ants plus petits et pas directement li\u00e9s \u00e0 des marques phonographiques comme Path\u00e9 ou Gramophone proposaient des dispositifs similaires.<\/p>\n

C’est le cas par exemple de Palace-Chanson, salle d’audition situ\u00e9e au 27, boulevard de Strasbourg \/ 9&11 Passage de l’Industrie \u00e0 Paris Xe, maison fond\u00e9e en 1905 nous dit la publicit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Il suffisait d’acheter un jeton et d’aller \u00e9couter musique ou chanson. Nous avons au mus\u00e9e des jetons utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Recto Verso d’un jeton de Palace-Chansons. \u00c0 noter que l’on trouve encore sur Internet des jetons \u00e0 vendre (entre 5 et 9 \u20ac pi\u00e8ce)<\/em><\/p>\n

D’autres \u00e9tablissements existaient comme celui de la Kermesse des Bouffes, 209 rue du faubourg Saint-Denis Paris Xe aussi, non loin de la place de La Chapelle et de l’actuel th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Bouffes du Nord<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Recto Verso d’un jeton des Bouffes<\/p>\n

On peut citer aussi l’\u00e9tablissement du 14, boulevard de Clichy \u00e0 deux pas de Pigalle dont voici un exemplaire de jeton d’audition<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h4>\n

et celui du 76, boulevard de Rochechouart, presque en face du PHONO Museum, jouxtant l’actuel Trianon<\/a>, toujours \u00e0 Paris. La salle du boulevard de Clichy s’est peu \u00e0 peu transform\u00e9e au cours des temps passant de salle d’auditions \u00e0 salle jeux (flippers et jeu d’arcade<\/a>) et a, h\u00e9las, ferm\u00e9 ses portes \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 90 pour laisser la place \u00e0 un magasin de souvenirs.<\/p>\n

Les auditions se faisaient avec des appareils du type Autophone de chez Path\u00e9. Celui que nous avons au mus\u00e9e date certes de 1925, mais il ne diff\u00e8re gu\u00e8re de ce qui existait quelques ann\u00e9e avant. Il n’y avait pas de choix. Un seul morceau de musique ou une chanson pouvait \u00eatre \u00e9cout\u00e9 avec des \u00e9couteurs sur cet appareil, la partition s’affichant dans la partie haute (ici une page de couverture du Petit Journal).<\/em><\/p>\n

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