{"id":1414,"date":"2018-01-23T14:19:32","date_gmt":"2018-01-23T13:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/?p=1414"},"modified":"2024-06-01T17:32:17","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T15:32:17","slug":"disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/","title":{"rendered":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kjwpuels-ccf26da59fbd755586616f4433652863 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_1433\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/storage\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1433\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1433\" src=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/storage\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130-300x297.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130-150x148.jpg 150w, https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg 639w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1433\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Disque vinyle microssillon<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 des disques vinyles.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">De quoi parle t-on ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est le cabinet en ligne des curiosit\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0chic\u00a0\u00bb comme il se nomme lui m\u00eame\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.messynessychic.com\/\">Messy Nessy<\/a> qui a attir\u00e9 notre attention avec sa publication du 15 janvier dernier \u00e0 propos des \u00ab\u00a013 choses trouv\u00e9es aujourd&rsquo;hui sur Internet\u00a0\u00bb (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.messynessychic.com\/2018\/01\/15\/13-things-i-found-on-the-internet-today-vol-cclxx\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>13 things I Found on the Internet Today<\/em><\/a>). En 2016, \u00e0 l&rsquo;occasion de notre campagne de financement participatif, Messy Nessy nous avait consacr\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.messynessychic.com\/2016\/03\/08\/how-can-paris-let-this-museum-of-music-treasure-close-down\/\">un article de soutien tr\u00e8s chaleureux.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le quatri\u00e8me point de la liste publi\u00e9e dans cet article traite du contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 tel qu&rsquo;il se pratiquait hier pour les disques vinyles. Concernant ici uniquement les microsillons, il faut d\u00e9j\u00e0 noter que le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 <em>a priori<\/em> <em>(avant production)<\/em> puis\u00a0<em>a posteriori<\/em> <em>(apr\u00e8s production)<\/em> \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pratiqu\u00e9 pour les cylindres et les 78 tours. N&rsquo;oublions pas non plus que le son enregistr\u00e9 est aussi une industrie et que la qualit\u00e9 du support qui restitue le son est un crit\u00e8re essentiel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Ces trois photos demandent quelques explications.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La deuxi\u00e8me photo est l&rsquo;illustration d&rsquo;un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 classique dans l&rsquo;industrie du disque. Les jeunes femmes contr\u00f4lent la qualit\u00e9 du support <em>avant<\/em> la production. On ne voit pas ici d&#8217;empilements de disques comme sur les deux autres photos. L\u00e0, les personnes qui contr\u00f4lent, sont oblig\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9couter le disque en entier pour y d\u00e9celer d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuelles anomalies dues au pressage du disque et bien s\u00fbr de prendre des notes. Le terme courant pour nommer ces disques est \u00ab\u00a0test-pressing\u00a0\u00bb que l&rsquo;on peut traduire par test de pressage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est d&rsquo;ailleurs exactement ce que nous explique la vid\u00e9o dont le lien a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en ligne par Messy Nessy. D\u00e9sol\u00e9, c&rsquo;est en anglais.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[kad_youtube url=\u00a0\u00bb<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SnWAF7vNbaM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/SnWAF7vNbaM<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb ]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La premi\u00e8re et la troisi\u00e8me photographies nous montrent des personnes contr\u00f4lant les disques <em>apr\u00e8s<\/em> production. Il s&rsquo;agissait d&rsquo;une d\u00e9tection visuelle des anomalies ponctuelles sur les supports mis en vente. Si la personne contr\u00f4lant le disque d\u00e9celait une anomalie, elle \u00e9coutait le disque exactement l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l&rsquo;anomalie \u00e9tait rep\u00e9r\u00e9e. Il s&rsquo;agissait donc d&rsquo;une \u00e9coute partielle du disque. Travail fastidieux.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PHONO Museum Paris\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/didier.vincent.7\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"639\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"632\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"PHONO Museum Paris\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@didier_vincent\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"PHONO Museum Paris\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"PHONO Museum Paris\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7\"},\"headline\":\"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":421,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/DSCN9130.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"BLOG\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/DSCN9130.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/DSCN9130.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/DSCN9130.jpg\",\"width\":639,\"height\":632,\"caption\":\"Disque vinyle 33t\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/accueil\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"PHONO Museum Paris\",\"description\":\"la grande aventure du son enregistr\u00e9 - L&#039;histoire sonore de 1857 \u00e0 nos jours\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7\",\"name\":\"PHONO Museum Paris\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"PHONO Museum Paris\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/didier.vincent.7\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/@didier_vincent\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phonomuseum.fr\\\/author\\\/phono-museum-paris\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris","og_url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/","og_site_name":"PHONO Museum Paris","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/didier.vincent.7","article_published_time":"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":639,"height":632,"url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"PHONO Museum Paris","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@didier_vincent","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"PHONO Museum Paris","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/"},"author":{"name":"PHONO Museum Paris","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7"},"headline":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9","datePublished":"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/"},"wordCount":421,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg","articleSection":["BLOG"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/","url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/","name":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9 - PHONO Museum Paris","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg","datePublished":"2018-01-23T13:19:32+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-01T15:32:17+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/DSCN9130.jpg","width":639,"height":632,"caption":"Disque vinyle 33t"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/disques-vinyles-soumis-controle-qualite\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/accueil\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les disques vinyles soumis au contr\u00f4le qualit\u00e9"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/","name":"PHONO Museum Paris","description":"la grande aventure du son enregistr\u00e9 - L&#039;histoire sonore de 1857 \u00e0 nos jours","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/ccddc2cc569da3acc4b8312f4ff2b0b7","name":"PHONO Museum Paris","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/625e6ca9ffe4c986867da0049f4a8bab481c3379248f90cbf285f445b365f8bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"PHONO Museum Paris"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/phonomuseum.fr","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/didier.vincent.7","https:\/\/x.com\/@didier_vincent"],"url":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/author\/phono-museum-paris\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1414"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4637,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\/revisions\/4637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/1433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phonomuseum.fr\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}